[INFO] cloning repository https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer [INFO] running `Command { std: "git" "-c" "credential.helper=" "-c" "credential.helper=/workspace/cargo-home/bin/git-credential-null" "clone" "--bare" "https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer" "/workspace/cache/git-repos/https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fbcomb%2Fhello-rust-raytracer", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stderr] Cloning into bare repository '/workspace/cache/git-repos/https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fbcomb%2Fhello-rust-raytracer'... [INFO] running `Command { std: "git" "rev-parse" "HEAD", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stdout] 382cc9533985d2d1bdcc3241c1e96936da44167e [INFO] checking bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer against master#f21fbac535ab2c3bc50db20547f4d48477357103 for pr-143193 [INFO] running `Command { std: "git" "clone" "/workspace/cache/git-repos/https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fbcomb%2Fhello-rust-raytracer" "/workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/source", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stderr] Cloning into '/workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/source'... [INFO] [stderr] done. [INFO] started tweaking git repo https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer [INFO] finished tweaking git repo https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer [INFO] tweaked toml for git repo https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer written to /workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/source/Cargo.toml [INFO] validating manifest of git repo https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer on toolchain f21fbac535ab2c3bc50db20547f4d48477357103 [INFO] running `Command { std: CARGO_HOME="/workspace/cargo-home" RUSTUP_HOME="/workspace/rustup-home" "/workspace/cargo-home/bin/cargo" "+f21fbac535ab2c3bc50db20547f4d48477357103" "metadata" "--manifest-path" "Cargo.toml" "--no-deps", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] crate git repo https://github.com/bcomb/hello-rust-raytracer already has a lockfile, it will not be regenerated [INFO] running `Command { std: CARGO_HOME="/workspace/cargo-home" RUSTUP_HOME="/workspace/rustup-home" "/workspace/cargo-home/bin/cargo" "+f21fbac535ab2c3bc50db20547f4d48477357103" "fetch" "--manifest-path" "Cargo.toml", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stderr] Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache [INFO] [stderr] Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache [INFO] [stderr] Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache [INFO] [stderr] Downloading crates ... [INFO] [stderr] Downloaded rgb v0.8.12 [INFO] [stderr] Downloaded lodepng v2.4.2 [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "create" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/target:/opt/rustwide/target:rw,Z" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/source:/opt/rustwide/workdir:ro,Z" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/cargo-home:/opt/rustwide/cargo-home:ro,Z" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/rustup-home:/opt/rustwide/rustup-home:ro,Z" "-e" "SOURCE_DIR=/opt/rustwide/workdir" "-e" "CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/opt/rustwide/target" "-e" "CARGO_HOME=/opt/rustwide/cargo-home" "-e" "RUSTUP_HOME=/opt/rustwide/rustup-home" "-w" "/opt/rustwide/workdir" "-m" "1610612736" "--user" "0:0" "--network" "none" "ghcr.io/rust-lang/crates-build-env/linux@sha256:cf8efcab8866f2cf4285301c7418e2f4f2a9b088c91ba69c40d5b659f81557f7" "/opt/rustwide/cargo-home/bin/cargo" "+f21fbac535ab2c3bc50db20547f4d48477357103" "metadata" "--no-deps" "--format-version=1", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stdout] b02b2e3386cbd8a7794aa05f3958e0d04b15cf1abd4cab9512e88adb32133b8b [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "start" "-a" "b02b2e3386cbd8a7794aa05f3958e0d04b15cf1abd4cab9512e88adb32133b8b", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "inspect" "b02b2e3386cbd8a7794aa05f3958e0d04b15cf1abd4cab9512e88adb32133b8b", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "rm" "-f" "b02b2e3386cbd8a7794aa05f3958e0d04b15cf1abd4cab9512e88adb32133b8b", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stdout] b02b2e3386cbd8a7794aa05f3958e0d04b15cf1abd4cab9512e88adb32133b8b [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "create" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/target:/opt/rustwide/target:rw,Z" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/builds/worker-0-tc1/source:/opt/rustwide/workdir:ro,Z" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/cargo-home:/opt/rustwide/cargo-home:ro,Z" "-v" "/var/lib/crater-agent-workspace/rustup-home:/opt/rustwide/rustup-home:ro,Z" "-e" "SOURCE_DIR=/opt/rustwide/workdir" "-e" "CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/opt/rustwide/target" "-e" "CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0" "-e" "RUST_BACKTRACE=full" "-e" "RUSTFLAGS=--cap-lints=forbid" "-e" "RUSTDOCFLAGS=--cap-lints=forbid" "-e" "CARGO_HOME=/opt/rustwide/cargo-home" "-e" "RUSTUP_HOME=/opt/rustwide/rustup-home" "-w" "/opt/rustwide/workdir" "-m" "1610612736" "--user" "0:0" "--network" "none" "ghcr.io/rust-lang/crates-build-env/linux@sha256:cf8efcab8866f2cf4285301c7418e2f4f2a9b088c91ba69c40d5b659f81557f7" "/opt/rustwide/cargo-home/bin/cargo" "+f21fbac535ab2c3bc50db20547f4d48477357103" "check" "--frozen" "--all" "--all-targets" "--message-format=json", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stdout] 76005bb2e59f901465e8fb2ee667505120a91017fc94b2dd5ac1d7fa5bc762ea [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "start" "-a" "76005bb2e59f901465e8fb2ee667505120a91017fc94b2dd5ac1d7fa5bc762ea", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_core v0.4.0 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling autocfg v0.1.2 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling semver-parser v0.7.0 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling libc v0.2.48 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rgb v0.8.12 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling semver v0.9.0 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_core v0.3.1 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_jitter v0.1.3 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling rand_chacha v0.1.1 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling rand v0.6.5 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_hc v0.1.0 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_isaac v0.1.1 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_xorshift v0.1.1 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling rustc_version v0.2.3 [INFO] [stderr] Compiling rand_pcg v0.1.1 [INFO] [stderr] Checking rand_os v0.1.2 [INFO] [stderr] Checking lodepng v2.4.2 [INFO] [stderr] Checking hello-rust v0.1.0 (/opt/rustwide/workdir) [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/sphere.rs:9:18 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | material: Rc [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] = note: `#[warn(bare_trait_objects)]` on by default [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | material: Rc [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/hitable.rs:9:23 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | pub material: &'a Material // material of the hit surface [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | pub material: &'a dyn Material // material of the hit surface [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/sphere.rs:9:18 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | material: Rc [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] = note: `#[warn(bare_trait_objects)]` on by default [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | material: Rc [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/hitable.rs:9:23 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | pub material: &'a Material // material of the hit surface [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 9 | pub material: &'a dyn Material // material of the hit surface [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/hitable.rs:17:42 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 17 | pub fn closest_hit<'a>(list: &'a Vec>,r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32 ) -> Option > { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 17 | pub fn closest_hit<'a>(list: &'a Vec>,r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32 ) -> Option > { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/main.rs:10:34 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 10 | fn compute_color(scene: &Vec>, ray: &Ray, depth: i32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 10 | fn compute_color(scene: &Vec>, ray: &Ray, depth: i32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/hitable.rs:17:42 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 17 | pub fn closest_hit<'a>(list: &'a Vec>,r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32 ) -> Option > { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 17 | pub fn closest_hit<'a>(list: &'a Vec>,r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32 ) -> Option > { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/main.rs:10:34 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 10 | fn compute_color(scene: &Vec>, ray: &Ray, depth: i32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 10 | fn compute_color(scene: &Vec>, ray: &Ray, depth: i32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/main.rs:30:30 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 30 | fn random_scene() -> Vec> { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 30 | fn random_scene() -> Vec> { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/main.rs:30:30 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 30 | fn random_scene() -> Vec> { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 30 | fn random_scene() -> Vec> { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/sphere.rs:13:56 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(center: Vec3, radius: f32, material: Rc) -> Sphere { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(center: Vec3, radius: f32, material: Rc) -> Sphere { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/sphere.rs:13:56 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(center: Vec3, radius: f32, material: Rc) -> Sphere { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(center: Vec3, radius: f32, material: Rc) -> Sphere { [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/main.rs:31:29 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 31 | let mut scene : Vec> = Vec::with_capacity(500); [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 31 | let mut scene : Vec> = Vec::with_capacity(500); [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `lerp` found for struct `vec3::Vec3` in the current scope [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/vec3.rs:275:22 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 7 | pub struct Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | --------------- function or associated item `lerp` not found for this struct [INFO] [stdout] ... [INFO] [stdout] 275 | assert_eq!(Vec3::lerp(&a,&b,0.0), lerp_0); [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^ function or associated item not found in `vec3::Vec3` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] note: if you're trying to build a new `vec3::Vec3`, consider using `vec3::Vec3::new` which returns `vec3::Vec3` [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/vec3.rs:13:5 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z:f32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `lerp` found for struct `vec3::Vec3` in the current scope [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/vec3.rs:276:22 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 7 | pub struct Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | --------------- function or associated item `lerp` not found for this struct [INFO] [stdout] ... [INFO] [stdout] 276 | assert_eq!(Vec3::lerp(&a,&b,0.5), lerp_05); [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^ function or associated item not found in `vec3::Vec3` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] note: if you're trying to build a new `vec3::Vec3`, consider using `vec3::Vec3::new` which returns `vec3::Vec3` [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/vec3.rs:13:5 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z:f32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `lerp` found for struct `vec3::Vec3` in the current scope [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/vec3.rs:277:22 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 7 | pub struct Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | --------------- function or associated item `lerp` not found for this struct [INFO] [stdout] ... [INFO] [stdout] 277 | assert_eq!(Vec3::lerp(&a,&b,1.0), lerp_1); [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^ function or associated item not found in `vec3::Vec3` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] note: if you're trying to build a new `vec3::Vec3`, consider using `vec3::Vec3::new` which returns `vec3::Vec3` [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/vec3.rs:13:5 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z:f32) -> Vec3 { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated [INFO] [stdout] --> src/main.rs:31:29 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 31 | let mut scene : Vec> = Vec::with_capacity(500); [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^^^ [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = warning: this is accepted in the current edition (Rust 2018) but is a hard error in Rust 2021! [INFO] [stdout] = note: for more information, see [INFO] [stdout] help: if this is a dyn-compatible trait, use `dyn` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 31 | let mut scene : Vec> = Vec::with_capacity(500); [INFO] [stdout] | +++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: lifetime flowing from input to output with different syntax can be confusing [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/sphere.rs:19:12 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 19 | fn hit(&self, r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32) -> Option { [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^ this lifetime flows to the output --------- the lifetime gets resolved as `'_` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] = note: `#[warn(mismatched_lifetime_syntaxes)]` on by default [INFO] [stdout] help: one option is to remove the lifetime for references and use the anonymous lifetime for paths [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 19 | fn hit(&self, r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32) -> Option> { [INFO] [stdout] | ++++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] warning: lifetime flowing from input to output with different syntax can be confusing [INFO] [stdout] --> src/core/hitable.rs:13:12 [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | fn hit(&self, r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32) -> Option; [INFO] [stdout] | ^^^^^ this lifetime flows to the output --------- the lifetime gets resolved as `'_` [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] help: one option is to remove the lifetime for references and use the anonymous lifetime for paths [INFO] [stdout] | [INFO] [stdout] 13 | fn hit(&self, r: &Ray, tmin: f32, tmax: f32) -> Option>; [INFO] [stdout] | ++++ [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stdout] For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0599`. [INFO] [stdout] [INFO] [stderr] error: could not compile `hello-rust` (bin "hello-rust" test) due to 3 previous errors; 7 warnings emitted [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "inspect" "76005bb2e59f901465e8fb2ee667505120a91017fc94b2dd5ac1d7fa5bc762ea", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] running `Command { std: "docker" "rm" "-f" "76005bb2e59f901465e8fb2ee667505120a91017fc94b2dd5ac1d7fa5bc762ea", kill_on_drop: false }` [INFO] [stdout] 76005bb2e59f901465e8fb2ee667505120a91017fc94b2dd5ac1d7fa5bc762ea